HP Pavilion dv4t and dv5t Special edition Laptops

Hewlett-Packard has launched the HP Pavilion dv5t Special Edition and Pavilion dv4t Special Edition laptops.

The systems have specifications similar to the standard 15.4-inch dv5t and 14.1-inch dv4t entertainment notebook PCs, based on Intel’s Centrino 2 platform. However, the Special Edition models feature new finish designs.

The dv5t SE has a ceramic white chassis with a “sophisticated leaf design symbolizing rejuvenation and growth”. On the other side, the dv4t SE features a midnight-blue coloring with an “exclusive design inspired by crashing waves - a spray of energy and power.”

HP’s Pavilion dv5t Special Edition and Pavilion DV4t Special Edition are available now through the official online store and start at $949 and $1,099 respectively.

Midnight-blue coloring with exclusive design inspired by crashing wave
- Discrete 512MB Nvidia GeForce 9200M GS ( while HP dv5t SE comes with Intel GMA 4500MHD graphics)
- A 14.1" (diagonal) BrightView Infinity display with sleek, frameless flush glass
 MediaSmart software, which gives you one-click access to everything from TV shows to HD videos to karaoke
- 3GB DDR2 System Memory as standard
- An optional Blu-ray DVD player
- Remote control, premium audio and dual headphone jacks
- Different sorts of WWAN options such as $80 OFF (Verizon) HP un2400 EV-DO/HSPA or $80 OFF (AT&T) HP un2400 EV-DO/HSP
HP dv4t SE laptop weighs 5.18 lbs with 6-cell battery.

M-Eagle engine in Mahindra Xylo

RENOWNED CAR manufacturer from India, Mahindra and Mahindra, recently launched its Xylo. Mahindra Xylo is from the Multi-purpose Utility Vehicle (MUV) segment, is powered by 2.5 litre M-Eagle engine and a five-speed manual transmission.

The Mahindra & Mahindra Xylo (pronounced as Zy-lo) boasts of a high-tech m-Eagle engine developed on the NEF CRDe platform similar in power to the mHawk engine in the popular Scorpio SUV. The Xylo is crafted with care and suave details added to every curve that blend with its masculine and aggressive styling for a look like no other. Built on a completely new platform, the Xylo will fill the long standing gap of a vehicle that stands proudly between SUV styling and MUV convenience.

Engine Features

4 x 16 V.71-Turbo Detroit Diesel main engines Hydraulic anchor winch
GM Reduction Gear 2.016/1 1.5" fire pump and CO2 engine room fire
control system
Power - 3,000 HP 2 x 2 bilge pumps
2 x 2 - 71 GM 37.5 Kva Gen Sets. 110v & 220v, I x Isuzu 27Kva 1 x 1.5 sanitary pump
Hydraulic steering

High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD)

High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system, four times faster than GSM, with data rates up to 38.4 kbit/s.It is a specification for data transfer over GSM networks. HSCSD utilizes up to four 9.6Kb or 14.4Kb time slots, for a total bandwidth of 38.4Kb or 57.6Kb.  


14.4Kb time slots are only available on GSM networks that operate at 1,800MHz. 900Mhz GSM networks are limited to 9.6Kb time slots. Therefore, HSCSD is limited to 38.4Kbps on 900Mhz GSM networks. HSCSD can nly achieve 57.6Kbps on 1,800Mhz GSM networks.
The History of HSCSD

HSCSD was an enhancement to to earlier CSD (Circuit Switched Data) standard.

EDGE (Enhanced Data-Rates for GSM Evolution) enabled GSM networks are able to implement ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data), an enhanced version of HSCSD. ECSD increases the bandwidth of each timeslot to 48Kb and allows the use of eight timeslots, which gives a total transmission speed of 384Kbps.

Both HSCSD/ECSD and GPRS are likely to eventually be phased out in favor of UMTS, which is a packet switched technology with speeds up to 2Mbps.
HSCSD vs. GPRS

HSCSD has an advantage over GPRS in that HSCSD supports guaranteed quality of service because of the dedicated circuit-switched communinations channel. This makes HSCSD a better protocol for timing-sensitive applications such as image or video transfer.

GPRS has the advantage over HSCSD for most data transfer because HSCSD, which is circuit-switched, is less bandwidth efficient with expensive wireless links than GPRS, which is packet-switched.

Due to this, HSCSD is not as widespread as GPRS. HSCSD is, however, currently available in over 27 countries.

Nokia 6600 Slide

 Nokia 6600 Slide is one of those sets that have some of the really nice features with affordable prices as well. For the people who like mobiles with sliding design, it certainly is the way to go. Nokia 6600 Slide is the smallest slider phone that Nokia has introduced up until now. Also, the quality of slider is really amazing as it feels so smooth while opening. So, it’s perfect with its design, however, there is another worth mentioning thing in terms of style and design. Its glossy steel cover is something that has really worked in a big way to confer that amazingly sophisticated look to this mobile.

Nokia 6600 slide Released 2008, August

Size Dimensions 90 x 45 x 14 mm, 52 cc 
Weight 110 g
Display Type TFT, 16M colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.2 inches
Ringtones Type Polyphonic (64 channels), MP3

Card slot microSD (TransFlash), up to 4GB, buy memory
  - 18 MB internal memory 
Data GPRS Class 32, 88 kbps
HSCSD

WLAN No
Bluetooth , v2.0 with A2DP
Infrared port , v2.0 microUSB

Features

Messaing SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging

Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML (Opera mini 4)
Games Yes, order now
Colors Black
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, video(VGA 15fps), flash; secondary videocall camera
  - Java MIDP 2.0
- Stereo FM radio with RDS
- MP3/AAC/AAC+/eAAC+/WMA player
- Accelerometer
- Nokia Maps
- T9
- Built-in handsfree
- Voice memo/commands
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 1000 mAh (BL-4U)
Stand-by Up to 340 h
Talk time Up to 4 h

Motorola Aura.

Motorola’s Aura has some very debonair features, such as the swivel design with the circular screen at the pivot. The display is really the highlight of the Aura, with 16 million colors and 300dpi resolution. 

The lens itself on the screen is a 1.62 carat sapphire crystal, but that isn’t all the bling this Aura sports. Apparently, the textured pattern that you see takes about two weeks to sculpt, and the finish is the type used on expensive wristwatches. The keypad is aluminum and the swivel itself uses 130 precision ball bearings. 

But enough about the way too technical features, let’s talk about the user functions. This quad-band GSM support phone has 2GB worth of memory, a music player, stereo Bluetooth, messaging, e-mail, speakerphone, as well as Motorola’s CrystalTalk feature. There is also a 2 Megapixel camera. 

Sony Ericsson W595

 
W595 Overview
Walkman® phone
PlayNow™ arena
Memory card
Fast Web
Specifications
Compatible accessories
Low-bandwidth version
Songs in store
Find and buy songs via TrackID™. The included 2GB memory card stores up to 1900 tracks  
 
 Share your great music moments
Discover, share and download great music. The W595 is packed with innovations that'll get you - and your friends - ready to rock.
PlayNow™ arena
Instant access to music, games and all the other stuff you need to spice up your phone. The PlayNow™ arena is more than a store; it’s a unique multimedia experience. Let your phone be your shopping window or enter the PlayNow™ arena from your PC.
Walkman® phone
Have your favourite sounds with you – always, whenever, wherever you go. Your W595 is not only a mobile phone. It’s a portable music device, too. 
Shake control
The easy way to change your tune: just shake your phone. With Shake control activated, press and hold the Walkman® key, then flick your wrist. A vibration lets you know that the track has been changed - a new song from your current playlist is selected randomly then played automatically. 
 Walkman® player
With the clear and intuitive Walkman® player interface, navigating your music is a breeze. 
FM Radio
There's music in the air - just tune in and enjoy. Your phone has a built-in stereo FM radio. 
 Integrated camera
Built-in digital camera with screen viewfinder, dedicated menus and direct interaction with in-phone imaging and messaging features. 
 

The MPG Booster

The MPG Booster will  increase fuel efficiency by 36.7% and
boosted the engine's horsepower by 5. Subsequent tests confirmed the MPG
Booster added approximately 4.5 miles per gallon to the Yukon, which
ordinarily gets about 12 miles per gallon. Additionally, Tech 2 computer
diagnostics showed there were no adverse effects such as higher engine
temperature. "Other than the increased horsepower, decreased emissions and,
obviously, the increased fuel efficiency, the Tech 2 results showed the car
ran exactly the same. The increase in horsepower is significant because it
means the increased fuel efficiency is not obtained by sacrificing engine
performance. Many of my Corvette clients would love to get an additional five
horsepower and save money on gas."

 88% decrease in NO2 emissions.

Part of the testing also included a five-gas emissions test, the same
gases regulated by most states.  when the MPG
Booster was used. This is a substantial reduction of the gas that causes smog
in our cities."

Regenerative braking with hill descent control, DCS

An automotive hill descent control includes a friction-braking subsystem and a non-friction braking subsystem with engine-based braking and regenerative braking. The regenerative and engine-based braking systems may be controlled according to the position of a manual switch, as well as inversely proportionally to the slope upon which a vehicle is being operated, and according to the speed of the vehicle

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an automotive braking system includes a friction braking subsystem, a non-friction braking subsystem, and an incline detection system for determining when a vehicle equipped with the present braking system is being operated on an incline. In several embodiments, the incline sensor system further determines the magnitude of an incline.

A controller operates the non-friction braking subsystem based upon at least the output of the incline detection system. The controller provides a first maximum amount of non-friction braking when the vehicle is being operated upon a surface having an inclination less than a predetermined threshold inclination, as detected either by the vehicle's operator, or by a sensor, and a second maximum amount of non-friction braking when the vehicle is being operated on a surface having an inclination greater than the predetermined threshold inclination. The second maximum amount of non-friction braking is generally less than the first maximum amount of non-friction braking. In an embodiment of the invention, the second amount of non-friction braking may be generally inversely proportional to the magnitude of an incline upon which the vehicle is being operated, or may be a fixed amount of maximum non-friction braking.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a non-friction braking system may include a regenerative braking system and an engine-based braking system. A vehicle speed sensor may be operatively connected with the controller, to permit the controller to operate the engine-based braking system so as to limit engine and/or regenerative braking at speeds below a predetermined speed threshold.

In another embodiment according to the present invention, the controller limits both engine braking and regenerative braking at speeds below a predetermined speed threshold.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a second maximum amount of non-friction braking, which is employed in the event that the vehicle is being operated at an incline greater than a predetermined threshold, is a null, or zero amount of regenerative braking.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for operating an automotive braking system having a friction braking subsystem and a non-friction braking subsystem including an engine-based braking system and a regenerative braking system includes: detecting operation of a vehicle equipped with the braking system upon an incline, including detecting the magnitude of the incline, and providing a first maximum permissible amount of non-friction braking when a vehicle equipped with the braking system is being operated upon a surface having a magnitude of inclination less than a first predetermined threshold inclination, while providing a second maximum permissible amount of non-friction braking when the vehicle is being operated upon a surface having a magnitude of inclination greater than the first predetermined threshold. The second maximum permissible amount of braking is less than the first maximum permissible amount of braking, and the second amount may be reduced to zero in the case of both the engine-based braking system and regenerative braking system.


The present hill descent control system provides the advantage that wheel slip due to both engine-based braking and regenerative braking is avoided.

The present hill descent control system advantageously uses well-established friction braking techniques at higher angles of inclination, so as to provide well-modulated descent control.

MONO SUSPENSION IN BIKES

A motorcycle's suspension is similar to the suspension in an automobile in its purpose: Suspension systems serve a dual purpose - contributing to the vehicle's handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle passengers comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations.

But a motorcycle suspension is usually simpler, since it does not have to contend with lateral forces such as body roll. The typical motorcycle has a pair of fork tubes for the front suspension, and a single swingarm with one or two shock absorbers for the rear suspension.

mono suspension bikes means….there will be one suspension to support it.When monosuspension is mentioned everyone should remember that it should be on the rear side. Actually i think there is only monosuspension technology is on the rear side only.On Indian roads it is correct.But i don’t know whether there is that type of technology on the front side

mono suspension design ensures centralisation of mass. By positioning the suspension close to the centre of 

gravity of the machine, turning characteristics, stability during braking and the overall riding performance is 
substantially enhanced. 
 

WiMAX the next-generation wireless technology

WiMAX is the next-generation of wireless technology designed to enable pervasive, high-speed mobile Internet access to the widest array of devices including notebook PCs, handsets, smartphones, and consumer electronics such as gaming devices, cameras, camcorders, music players, and more. As the fourth generation (4G) of wireless technology, WiMAX delivers low-cost, open networks and is the first all IP mobile Internet solution enabling efficient and scalable networks for data, video, and voice. As a major driver in the support and development of WiMAX, Intel has designed embedded WiMAX solutions for a variety of mobile devices supporting the future of high-speed broadband on-the-go.

Uses

The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications:
Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for "last mile" broadband access.
Providing data and telecommunications services.
Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.
Providing portable connectivity.

Mobile handset applications


Sprint Nextel announced in mid-2006 that it would invest about US$ 5 billion in a WiMAX technology buildout over the next few years. Since that time Sprint has been dealt setbacks that have resulted in steep quarterly losses. On May 7, 2008, Sprint, Clearwire, Google, Intel, Comcast, and Time Warner announced a pooling of 2.5 GHz spectrum and formation of a new company which will take the name Clearwire. The new company hopes to benefit from combined services offerings and network resources as a springboard past its competitors. The cable companies will provide media services to other partners while gaining access to the wireless network as a Mobile virtual network operator. Google will contribute Android handset device development and applications and will receive revenue share for advertising and other services they provide. Clearwire Sprint and current Clearwire gain a majority stock ownership in the new venture and ability to access between the new Clearwire and Sprint 3G networks. Some details remain unclear including how soon and in what form announced multi-mode WiMAX and 3G EV-DO devices will be available. This raises questions that arise for availability of competitive chips that require licensing of Qualcomm's IPR.

Some analysts have questioned how the deal will work out: Although fixed-mobile convergence has been a recognized factor in the industry, prior attempts to form partnerships among wireless and cable companies have generally failed to lead to significant benefits to the participants. Other analysts point out that as wireless progresses to higher bandwidth, it inevitably competes more directly with cable and DSL, thrusting competitors into bed together. Also, as wireless broadband networks grow denser and usage habits shift, the need for increased back haul and media service will accelerate, therefore the opportunity to leverage cable assets is expected to increase.

Blue Ray Disk & Device

Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) is an optical disc storage medium. Its main uses are high-definition video and data storage. The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs.Just as DVD meant a five to 10 times increase in storage capacity compared to CD, 
Blu-ray Disc represents an increase over DVD capacity by five to 10 times. 
This is due, among other reasons, to the usage of a blue instead of a red 
laser and improved lens specifications, allowing for a much smaller focus 
laser beam which enables the recording of much smaller and higher density pits on the disc.

Due to the fact that the data layer on a Blu-ray Disc is placed much “closer” 
to the laser lens than in DVD, there is less distortion resulting in 
significantly improved tolerances. Hence, more precision and ultra-high storage 
densities are now possible.

Want a more reliable Daily Back up solution?
Struggling with 4 GB / 8 GB / 16GB / 32GB DAT Drives everyday?
Go ahead and take backups on a Blue Ray Writer – Upto 50GB in a Media.
Relatively more reliable than a Magnetic Tape. 

1. POWER ADAPTORS FOR ALL KIND OF LAPTOPS.
2. BATTERIES FOR LAPTOPS
3. REPAIRING OF LAPTOPS

Device @ 19000/- & Media @ 750/-

Traction Control System, or TCS

A traction control system (TCS), also known as Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR), on current production vehicles, are typically (but not necessarily) electro-hydraulic systems, designed to prevent loss of traction of the driven road wheels, and therefore the control of the vehicle, when excessive throttle is applied by the driver, and the condition of the road surface (due to varying factors) is unable to cope with the torque applied. Although similar to electronic stability control (ESC) systems, traction control systems do not have the same goal.

The intervention can consist of any, or all, of the following:
Retard or suppress the spark to one or more cylinders
Reduce fuel supply to one or more cylinders
Brake one or more wheels
Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted with drive by wire throttle.
In turbo-charged vehicles, the boost control solenoid can be actuated to reduce boost and therefore engine power.

Typically, the traction control system shares the electro-hydraulic brake actuator (but does not use the conventional master cylinder and servo), and the wheel speed sensors with the anti-lock braking system.
Traction Control System, or TCS, was well intentioned but didn't necessarily work out well. For one thing, it tends to be a ruthless dictator that often overrides the turbocharger's ability and the driver's desires. There's a really dark side beyond that though: If any part of this complex system fails, the whole system goes into limp-home mode. Limp-home mode is exactly what it sounds like: You have just enough power to get the car home or to the nearest garage, and that's all. If you're in the middle of nowhere, that isn't pleasant. If you're making a left hand turn in heavy traffic and it goes into limp-home mode, you're in deep ... well, let's just call it deep trouble. And once it goes into this mode, the car is pretty much useless until the problem is diagnosed and corrected - you might get it home, but then you have to fix it before you can resume daily driving. And guess what? That can get real, REAL expensive.

The Electronic Stability Program– driving safety into the future

The commencement of series production of the Electronic Stability Program (ESP®) in Europe ten years ago was a milestone in the development of brake control systems. Bosch was a major player in driving the development of this active safety system and in 1995, became the first supplier worldwide to start the series-production of ESP®. Today, almost two-thirds of newly registered vehicles in Germany are fitted with the Electronic Stability Program. Across the EU, an average of just under 40 percent of vehicles are now fitted with this safety system. 

The multiple-award winning ESP® system assists the driver in just about every critical driving situation. That includes emergency and partial braking manoeuvres and incipient skidding incidents, which the system rapidly identifies and reduces in severity by timely, targeted braking of individual wheels. Driving safety is significantly increased by this active support of the driver during tricky manoeuvres where there is risk of skidding. Additionally, ESP® also stabilises the vehicle during normal braking, starting off and accelerating, since it also includes the functions of the ABS anti-lock braking system and the TCS traction control system. 
 

Electronic brakeforce distribution

Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading, etc. Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems, EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular control. Typically, the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a skid.

How EBD works

The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear wheels. The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking operation. To do so, the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking, and the components of the ABS are used. EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the vehicle. EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal force."

EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during turns. ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate sensor. "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right). If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create, the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended course. For example, if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake, which will help turn the car left. The sensors are so sensitive, and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver reacts. ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work effectively.

QR codes, a new technology in mobiles

A QR Code is a matrix code (or two-dimensional bar code) created by Japanese corporation Denso-Wave in 1994. The "QR" is derived from "Quick Response", as the creator intended the code to allow its contents to be decoded at high speed. QR Codes are common in Japan, where they are currently the most popular type of two dimensional codes.

Although initially used for tracking parts in vehicle manufacturing, QR Codes are now used in a much broader context, including both commercial tracking applications and convenience-oriented applications aimed at mobile phone users (known as mobile tagging). QR Codes storing addresses and URLs may appear in magazines, on signs, buses, business cards or just about any object that users might need information about. Users with a camera phone equipped with the correct reader software can scan the image of the QR Code causing the phone's browser to launch and redirect to the programmed URL. This act of linking from physical world objects is known as a hardlink or physical world hyperlinks. Users can also generate and print their own QR Code for others to scan and use by visiting one of several free QR Code generating sites.

Rapid prototyping Technology

Rapid prototyping is the name given to a host of related technologies that are used to fabricate physical objects directly from CAD data sources. These methods are generally similar to each other in that they add and bond materials in layerwise-fashion to form objects. This is directly the opposite of what classical methods such as milling or turning do. Objects are formed in those processes by mechanically removing material. Rapid prototyping is also known by the names of freeform fabrication (FFF), layered manufacturing, automated fabrication and other variants. Sometimes the names of the specific processes themselves are also used synonymously to denote the field as a whole. While additive fabrication seems like a new idea, it isn't. The underpinnings of the technology date back to at least the eighteenth century. Dr. Joseph Beaman has written a fascinating account of RP's early history. His paper includes information about early patents which should be of continuing interest to system developers today. The thrust for much of this seminal work was to develop an automated form of representational sculpture, a subject still much under discussion, but as yet economically unfulfilled.  Rapid prototyping isn't necessarily very rapid and doesn't necessarily have to do with prototypes, either. Speed is relative: The processes can shave weeks to months off a design cycle, but still may require many hours to fabricate a single object. Prototypes for design evaluation are often made using these processes, but the technology also is beginning to address the direct production of final useful parts and assemblies, and injection molding and other types of tools.Rapid prototyping
is the name given to a host of related technologies that are used to fabricate physical objects directly from CAD data sources. These methods are unique in that they add and bond materials in layers to form objects. Such systems are also known by the names additive fabrication, three dimensional printing, solid freeform fabrication and layered manufacturing. They offer advantages in many applications compared to classical subtractive fabrication methods such as milling or turning: 

Objects can be formed with any geometric complexity or intricacy without the need for elaborate machine setup or final assembly; 

Objects can be made from multiple materials, or as composites, or materials can even be varied in a controlled fashion at any location in an object; 
  PARTS FOR PROTOTYPE AND PRODUCTION - ON DEMAND 

Additive fabrication systems reduce the construction of complex objects to a manageable, straightforward, and relatively fast process. 

These properties have resulted in their wide use as a way to reduce time to market in manufacturing. Today's systems are heavily used by engineers to better understand and communicate their product designs as well as to make rapid tooling to manufacture those products. Surgeons, architects, artists and individuals from many other disciplines also routinely use the technology. 

The names of specific processes themselves are also often used as synonyms for the entire field of rapid prototyping. Among these are stereolithography (SLA for stereolithography apparatus), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), inkjet-based systems and three dimensional printing (3DP). Each of these technologies - and the many other rapid prototyping processes - has its singular strengths and weaknesses.

Electro Chromic Mirror

An electrochromic mirror including a glass substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the back of the glass substrate, an electrochromic layer formed on the back of the transparent conductive film, a reflection and electrode film formed on the back of the electrochromic layer in which the electrochromic layer and the reflection and electrode film are covered on the back thereof with an ion shielding oxide film, whereby the performance is stabilized and the productivity enhanced.

1. An electrochromic mirror comprising: a glass substrate on one side thereof; a transparent conductive film formed on the back of the glass substrate; an electrochromic layer formed on the back of the transparent conductive film; a reflection and electrode film formed on the back of the electrochromic layer; the electrochromic layer and the reflection and electrode film being covered from the back thereof with an ion shielding oxide film comprising Al2O3 or Ta2O5 for preventing atmospheric ions from intruding into the electrochromic layer; and an additional ion shielding oxide film comprising Al2O3 or Ta2O5; the additional ion shielding oxide film being interposed between the glass substrate and the transparent conductive film for preventing ions from intruding from the glass substrate to the inside of the electrochromic layer. 

2. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the electrochromic mirror excepting for the glass substrate is covered with a corrosion inhibitive coating layer. 

3. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 1, wherein the ion shielding oxide film is covered from the back thereof with a corrosion inhibitive coating layer.
. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 1, further comprising a reduction reaction compensation unit that compensates the reduction reaction by storing electrical charge when the voltage is being applied or by carrying out an oxidation reaction with negative ions in the electrolytic solution. 

4. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 3, wherein the reduction reaction compensation unit comprises a carbon film having electrical conductivity that is formed at a light reflective film side of the electrically conductive film and contains activated carbon. 

5. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 3, wherein the reduction reaction compensation unit comprises a negative ion reaction film that is formed from an electrically conductive polymer or redox polymer and is provided at a light reflective film side of the electrically conductive film, and that is oxidized by negative ions that have moved toward the side of the electrically conductive film due to the voltage being applied. 

6. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 3, wherein:the electrically conductive film is formed from silver or an alloy containing silver;the electrolytic solution is formed comprising negative ions of a hardly-soluble salt that react with ions of silver forming the electrically conductive film when a voltage is applied such that the electrically conductive film is made positive and the transparent electrode film is made negative;the electrochromic mirror further comprises a precipitation film that is formed from the hardly-soluble salt and is provided at the light reflective film side of the electrically conductive film, and that causes a precipitate, which is formed by a reaction between negative ions of the hardly-soluble salt that have moved toward the side of the electrically conductive film due to the voltage being applied and ions of silver constituting the electrically conductive film, to precipitate; andthe reduction reaction compensation unit comprises the silver forming the electrically conductive film, the negative ions constituting the electrolytic solution, and the precipitation film. 

7. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 3, wherein:the electrolytic solution contains a reaction material that can be oxidized by neutral molecules or negative ions and that undergoes an oxidation reaction due to application of a voltage such that the electrically conductive film is made positive and the transparent electrode film is made negative; andthe reduction reaction compensation unit comprises the reaction material.

Variable valve control

When it comes to highperformance engines, timing is everything

Variable valve control has the potential to significantly reduce light load pumping losses. The simpler technology of variable valve timing (VVT) by cam phasing has been widely adopted in luxury cars in Europe and North America, and in a large fraction of all cars in Japan; in fact, almost all Toyota models in 2004 had VVT. Variable valve lift and timing (VVLT) is less common; Honda is the only manufacturer to have a two step (or three-step) valve lift control in many of its models. A continuously variable lift system was recently introduced by BMW in its luxury 7-series cars. More exotic technologies actuate the valves without camshafts, using hydraulic or electric solenoids, but it is not clear if the additional cost is worth the marginal benefit in fuel economy relative to mechanical VVLT systems. Such systems will reduce shortfall in inner-city driving, but will increase shortfall in high speed or aggressive driving

In an internal combustion engine, optimizing the airflow in and out of each combustion chamber is a key to just about every aspect of performance. Power, emissions, fuel economy and other critical parameters are all dependent upon how good the engine flows air in and out.

Clearing the Air 

Four-stroke automotive piston engines have poppet intake valves in their cylinder heads to let air in, and separate poppet exhaust valves to let exhaust gases out. These valves are opened at the appropriate time by one or more rotating camshafts. The cams are turned in precise relation to the crankshaft by chains, belts or gears—or a combination thereof. Lobes machined on the camshafts push the valves open at just the right time in the engine's operating cycle, then keep the valves open for just the right duration. There are other ways to operate the valves, including various pneumatic and electromagnetic schemes, but for production engines, the inexpensive and long wearing camshaft is king.

On the other hand, advancing the intake cam timing as needed pays significant benefits, by broadening an engine's power delivery to make it pull harder at low rpm, without running out of steam at high revs. By providing just the right amount of valve-timing lead, variable valve timing can provide more complete cylinder filling at all engine speeds.

The BlackBerry

. With camera and video recording, you can capture and share the moment with just a few clicks.

Do more—do it faster. The BlackBerry Bold smartphone was designed to take advantage of the speeds available on the HSDPA network.1,3 Together, this high speed network and the 624-MHz processor help support your need to multitask and prioritize with access to your voice and data services at the same time

The fun goes with you. Enjoy premier image and video viewing, build playlists of your favorite songs and organize your media files. You can even use BlackBerry® Media Sync to transfer desktop iTunes® music files to your smartphone. Downtime may be rare, but the BlackBerry Bold smartphone delivers a wealth of entertainment.

GPS

Know where you stand. With built-in GPS capabilities, you get turn-by-turn directions, so you can pinpoint where you are right now and where you need to be.

Wi-Fi

Simple and straightforward. Lower your cellular costs and get service in areas where cellular network coverage may be limited or unavailable, with BlackBerry data services over Wi-Fi® networks.5

Display:  Color and clarity come to life. The screen of the BlackBerry Bold smartphone catches the eye and is designed to deliver color and clarity that exceed expectations. From the moment you turn it on, you’ll be blown away by explicit color and quality.
Power

New Apple iPod Touch

With a stunningly thin, contoured stainless steel design, iPod touch feels even better in your hand. And the new volume buttons and built-in speaker give you more to love.

Groundbreaking technologies built into iPod touch — such as the Multi-Touch display, accelerometer, and 3D graphics — immerse you in the action.

The new Genius feature turns iPod touch into a highly intelligent, personal DJ. With a few taps, it creates a playlist by finding songs in your library that go great together.

touchArcade reports that the new 2nd Generation Apple iPod Touch has the fastest 3D rendering performance of all devices in its class, making it even faster than the new iPhone 3G in this regard:
The most clear difference is that fact that the iPod Touch’s processor was quietly boosted to 532MHz (up from 412MHz) with the 2nd generation model introduced in September. Meanwhile, the iPhone 3G, Original iPhone and 1st Generation iPod Touch continue to run at the original 412MHz. Though not the intended purpose, this video from Handheld Games Corp shows that the app load time of the 2nd Generation iPod Touch is notably faster than the 1st Generation model. 

It seems that there are additional factors, however, as there are performance differences even found between the models that run at the same speed. The models rank in the following order (fastest to slowest) for 3D rendering, with the 2nd Generation iPod Touch being the fastest “by far”.

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, or HCCI, is a relatively new combustion technology. It is a hybrid of the traditional spark ignition (SI) and the compression ignition process (such as a Diesel engine). . We are an integral part of the continuing effort to assess the possibility of an HCCI engine to provide low emission, high efficiency power generation for the ever growing energy demands of this planet.

In addition, HCCI is a lean combustion process. These conditions translate to a lower local flame temperature which lower the amount of Nitric Oxide (NOx) produced in the process. NOx is a gas that is believed to be responsible for the creation of ozone (O3).

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have the potential to provide high, diesel-like efficiencies and very low emissions. In an HCCI engine, a dilute, premixed fuel/air charge autoignites and burns volumetrically as a result of being compressed by the piston. The charge is made dilute either by being very lean, or by mixing with recycled exhaust gases.

Several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be implemented in production engines. Variations of HCCI in which the charge mixture and/or temperature are partially stratified (stratified charge compression ignition or SCCI) have the potential for overcoming many of these barriers.

Because of HCCI's strong potential, most diesel engine and automobile manufacturers have established HCCI/SCCI development efforts.

HP TouchSmart tx2z series

HP TouchSmart tx2z series going at just $1,149.99 

Weighing just 4.65 lb. 1 our TouchSmart tx2z is ultraportable. A simple finger stroke on the 12.1" diagonal screen delivers quick and easy access to information, entertainment, and social networks. This tablet PC is also "multitouch" : you can use more than one finger (e.g., index and thumb) at the same time. In addition, this model lets you view and edit photos with MediaSmart, which supplies an awesome digital media experience.

Genuine Windows Vista
Get things done, stay connected, and enjoy a variety of entertainment in a protected environment with genuine Windows Vista with Service Pack 1. This series comes with genuine Windows Vista Home Premium, which includes Windows Aero, Windows Media Center, and instant search functionality. For enhanced play and productivity features, choose genuine Windows Vista Ultimate.
Compare operating system choices
Striking design
This sleek, ENERGY STAR® qualified, recyclable laptop has a 12.1" diagonal screen. The unique, dual-mode display accepts input from either a finger or a pen. You get: 
Quick and easy selection, organization, and manipulation of digital files via finger swipe
A digital pen that turns the tx2z into a tablet so you can draw or take notes and then automatically convert to text (the pen stores in the PC's base)
A convertible design with a twisting hinge that lets you choose from three modes: PC, display, or slate


A streamlined, glossy, titanium finish and our cool "Reaction" imprint pattern
Three on-display launch buttons: one for MediaSmart software, another for Windows Vista Mobility Center—to get battery, volume, wireless or display data—and one for "rotating" the screen into slate mode
A color-matched keyboard and touchpadgets ,
AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual Core Mobile processors for intense multimedia2
ATI Radeon HD graphics for speedy processing on the go
Extreme entertainment
Enhance your digital media adventures with the tx2z's MediaSmart features, which include:
An integrated low-light VGA webcam with digital microphone for videoconferencing and VoIP3
Watching, recording, and playing of live, streamed, or mobile Internet TV in hi-def using HP MediaSmart
SRS premium sound for amazing, immersive audio
An S/PDIF jack so two users can listen to movies and music via headphones (sold separately); you can also use this jack to connect to your home entertainment system and enjoy DVDs in 5.1 Surround Sound


The power of touch
Put your digital lifestyle at your fingertips with these cool features:


A multitouch display with gestures (sets of finger movements that can be understood by the PC) optimized for HP MediaSmart
The ability to touch your way through your PC to enjoy photos, music, movies, and more
The ability to take notes on a tablet with the included digital pen—your notes are automatically converted into typed text
Simplified password management via integrated fingerprint reader (optional)
An optional stand for mounting the notebook upright, so it's easier to touch (vs. when it's flat)

Reputable warranty, software, and support

We test and qualify all software sold with our PCs to help ensure a trouble-free experience with software on your new computer. You get:
Peace of mind with the one-year limited hardware and software warranty

Apple MacBook

Apple MacBook

Faster than ever before the new MacBook is powered by the Intel Core 2 Duo processor at speeds of up to 2.4Ghz.

1GB of memory as standard together with an even larger hard disk drive, perfect for running your favourite programmes and storing your growing media collections.

Durable polycarbonate case with wireless technology built in. The innovative MagSafe power adapter which releases automatically if someone accidentally trips on the wire.

Built-in iSight camera operates right out of the box, have a video chat with friends or family, record a video, or take fun pictures with Photo Booth right from your desk.

13 inch White MacBook

Intel Core 2 Duo 2,1 GHz
1 Gb Memory 
120 Gb Hard Disk 
Combo Drive 
13 inch White MacBook 
Intel Core 2 Duo 2,4 GHz
2 Gb Memory 
160 Gb Hard Disk 
Double-layer SuperDrive
13 inch: Black MacBook
Intel Core 2 Duo 2,4 GHz
2 Gb Memory 
250 Gb Hard Disk 
Double-layer SuperDriv

Nokia N97

Nokia N97 carves a new space in the otherwise blurred realm between smartphone and laptop - a product built on a foundation of rock solid mobile principles, Nokia innovations, and tangible new technologies, pushed to the extreme and embodied in a slimline pocket shell.

Just as the original N95 re-shaped our perceptions of what's possible with a mobile device, the N97 again raises the bar beyond the reach of its peers by equipping us with a product that fuses the best proven Nokia hardware, software and Internet services, blended with a new flavour of design, ergonomics and usability.

Read on to explore the N97's full list of talents.

The most physically immediate stand-out feature of the N97 is its kick-out full QWERTY keyboard, hidden behind a 3.5-inch widescreen 16:9 touch display that tilts smartly above the keys. Both control methods neatly coexist and are tailored to ensure every experience, be it messaging, social, entertainment-focussed or otherwise, are manageable via the most instinctive physical toolset available. The touchscreen promises to be exploited to full effect, even when inactive, courtesy of a new homescreen that automatically sucks in live information via custom widgets sat on a S60 5th Edition backbone.

The N97 enters the fray stomaching 32GB of on-board storage, double that of any mobile device currently in existence, and can take up to another 16GB via microSD, enabling it to become a portable multi-media computer with 48GB in your pocket. Of course Nokia wants you to abuse this space with music, movies, photos and N-Gage games, and as such has worked hard to ensure the N97's battery is up to the task - it promises to kick out up to 37 hours of music and 4.5 hours of video.

Embracing location based services and the concept of context awareness, the N97 is location-savvy, automatically sensing where it is at any given time via A-GPS. The benefit being that you'll be able to tap into local services with ease and share your social location with friends minus any extra fiddling or fuss.

key talents

Size: 117.2 x 55.3 x 15.9 mm* *18.25 mm at camera area
Weight: Approx. 150 g
Memory: Up to 48GB (32 GB on-board memory, plus 16GB expansion via microSD memory card slot)
Display: 3.5 inch TFT with up to 16 million colors nHD 16:9 widescreen (640×360 pixels)
Talk time: Up to 320 min (3G), 400 min (GSM)
Standby time: Up to 400 hrs (3G), 430 hrs (GSM)
Video playback: Up to 4.5 hours (offline mode)
Music playback: Up to 37 hours (offline mode)
a 3.5 inch widescreen 16:9 touchscreen
haptic feedback
full QWERTY slideout keyboard
5 megapixel camera with Carl Zeiss Tessar lens and dual LED flash
Symbian S60 5th Edition
A-GPS and GPS
HSDPA, Wi-Fi, USB 2.0, stereo Bluetooth connectivity
a 3.5mm headphone jack.

Phone will cost 550 Euros before taxes and subsidies and it will be launched in the first half of 2009

Yamaha's Tumble Induction Control System

Light weight, compactness and high power are the important characteristics of a motorcycle engine. Sufficient torque and response at low and middle speeds are required to enhance the drivability of a motorcycle. Recently, the global environmental problem has created a cry for resource and energy conservation. This has increased the needs for low fuel consumption engines.

Traditionally, Yamaha has employed the policy of placing importance on global environment as one of its management philosophies and challenged the development of various technologies. Among them is a technology (YTIS: Yamaha Tumble Induction Control System) which stabilizes combustion on a compact engine and attains both low fuel consumption and high performance at a time.

This technology creates tumble flow by the use of variable area intake ports and generates strong intake gas flow at a normal speed range, and thus achieves low fuel consumption by improving combustion with the generated strong intake gas flow, while it does not sacrifice the performance at high speeds. The technology also enables both low fuel consumption and good exhaust gas quality and in addition, it improves the drivability of a motorcycle. Attention should be paid to the fact that the effect provided by this technology is produced by an action other than that found when tumble flow is generated by modifying the port shape alone.

Pete’s Powerbox

With the use Pete's Power box in diseal engines, we can improve the total perfomence of the vehicle.
- Horsepower and torque increased by 20%
- Better fuel efficiency
- Plug & play
- No changes in original ECU
- No modification to OE parts
Power figures in KW (1KW=1.34hp)

Pete’s tuning boxes are available for a wide range of turbo diesel cars including the new common rail diesels from Hyundai and Mercedes. Prices for these are a bit more expensive and start from Rs.37,500 (Rs.36,000 outside Mumbai) for the Hyundai and Rs.39,000 (Rs.37,500 outside Mumbai) for the Mercedes 5 cylinder engines.  

G-tech tested 0-96 Kmph
Stock: 13.33 sec.
Powerbox: 10.75 sec.

Real World Performance:
Acceleration figures can be misleading at times and don’t always paint a true picture of the car’s real world performance.
 there is a big rise in torque, with the maximum 240NM of torque being produced from only 1,800rpm and staying that way till almost 3,000rpm. That means you can safely drive in third gear in the city and still out-accelerate almost all other cars by simply changing the angle of your right foot. 

Out on the expressway, the difference was amplified. Where the stock car runs out of breath at an indicated 180-185kmph, the boxed car gallops past that mark with ease and finally stops at the 200-205 kmph mark. Consider a 10% speedo error, and that would mean the top speed is about 184 kmph. Another notable increase over stock. 

Fuel Efficiency
A person spending thirty large ones to improve the performance of his car would not really be concerned with fuel economy.
The writing on Pete’s box claims an improvement in FE. I’m afraid to say that this is the one claim I would have to oppose. However, I’m happy to note that my FE did not drop either, and that alone is enough to bring a smile to my face. Running with the box over a period of a few weeks in city traffic, high-speed runs and acceleration tests, yielded me a combined average of 10.5 kmpl. Remember, that figure is inclusive of 0-96kmpn testing and high-speed runs. With some extended “regular” driving, that figure is sure to rise.

Another benefit of the Pete’s box, and totally unexpected I might add, is the almost complete absence of black smoke from the tailpipe. A stock car under hard acceleration coughs out enough smoke to get the biker behind you mad, but with the box fitted, the smoke levels have dropped drastically. What that means is that the fuel is being effectively consumed to produce power and not wasted. 

Mikuni Carburetors

Mikuni Carburetors have been developed to offer you a bolt on performance carburetor for most applications. Mikuni carburetors offer the engine tuner easy installation and a range of jets for maximum performance gains. Mikuni carburetors are able to be jetted for standard motors or high performance racing motors. Throttle response is improved and a gain in power will result when a Mikuni carburetor is installed

.The Mikuni substantially increases power compared to the stock carburetor. However it is the dramatic improvement in throttle response that makes the Mikuni flatslide HSR carburetors such outstanding performers. No carburetor made today can match the Mikuni in this regard.

Mikuni Carburetors Dramatically increases Horsepower and Airflow 

Power Jet kits and Methanol kits are available. 
 
TM Series Flat Slide for 4 Stroke Engines
RS Smoothbores Radial Flat slides for multi cylinder Japanese engines 
TMS / TMX Flat Side for 2 stroke Engines
Vintage VM Carburetor Kits for Triumph and Norton
VM Round Slide Carburetor. Many applications.
Yamaha VM Carburetor Kit for XS650 Yamaha

Jets Jets for most Mikuni Carburetors

t is very difficult to put together successful performance parts combinations without considerable testing and knowledge about how these parts work and interact with one another. One can, for instance, fit a camshaft design that favors top-end power and combine it with an exhaust that restricts top-end power. Such a combination delivers poor performance at both ends of an engine's rpm range. Unfortunately, this sort of mis-match occurs frequently. 

Mikuni cannot take the responsibility of specifying all the possible performance parts combinations that work together. 

mHawk Engine In Scorpio

 Mahindra & Mahindra, the leader in the UV segment in India, today launched the Scorpio V-series, a new line-up of India’s leading SUV, with the introduction of the Scorpio VLX. The new VLX edition is equipped with the powerful mHawk engine and a wide array of smart features which gives the SUV an even greater competitive edge in its segment. The new VLX is priced at Rs. 9.33 lakhs, ex-showroom New Bombay and Rs. 9.65 lakhs, ex-showroom Delhi.

After all these days of wait and speculation, Mahindra finally launched a new Scorpio variant Vlx with the new 2.2-liter engine. Rumoured earlier to be named eagle, its now branded as mHawk.

This new 16-valve engine displaces 2179cc and churns out 120 bhp @ 4000 rpm and 290 Nm torque through 1800 - 2800 rpm. It is equipped with a Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT) to reduce the lag and ensure better delivery of power & torque right from the initial revs. As per Mahindra’s claim Scorpio mHawk can do 0-60 km/h in 5.7 seconds and can reach a top speed of 150 km/h.

About the mHawk engine:

Powered by a 2179cc and 4 cylinder diesel engine, the mHawk engine produces 120 bhp and a flat torque of 290 Nm. Advanced Turbochargers feed concentrated gusts of wind into a Variable Geometry Turbine, a simple yet cunning device that partially closes to trap the air inside at high pressures. This generates tremendous torque even at low speeds.



Features are good …and mHawk’s got loads of them. The bigger upgrades on the whole feature list are Cruise control & ABS and others include Tyre-tronics, parking sensors, rain sensing wipers and light sensitive headlamps. 

Sansung Omnia

After being introduced in various countries across world Sansung Omnia has finally reached Indian Shores .The Samsung Omnia definitely looks to be a good phone.. 

The Samsung Omnia will come with the following specs -

3.2 Inch WQVGA TFT LCD Display. Resolution of 240 by 400 pixels. The screen is a multi-touch iPhone like display.

5 - Megapixel Camera, this camera features functions such as Wide Dynamic Range, Face Detection, Auto Focus, Image Stabilizer, Geo-tagging, Smile Detection and some other stuff which we could really understand! The camera is also capable of video recording and features like adding subtitles, live dubbing, and trimming video.

Other goodies like Push mail, FM Radio, GPS, Office viewer, Bluetooth A2DP, Wi-Fi, and Usb 2.0 included.

The phone is set to be compatible with HSDPA 7.2 mbps, EDGE, GPRS and Quad-band GSM technology.
Samsung Omnia is available for Rs 39999/-(32 GB) memory and for 37999/-(24 GB) 

HONDA Intelligent-VTEC

The i stands for intelligent : i-VTEC is intelligent-VTEC. Honda introduced many new innovations in i-VTEC, but the most significant one is the addition of a variable valve opening overlap mechanism to the VTEC system. Named VTC for Variable Timing Control, the current (initial) implementation is on the intake camshaft and allows the valve opening overlap between the intake and exhaust valves to be continously varied during engine operation. This allows for a further refinement to the power delivery characteristics of VTEC, permitting fine-tuning of the mid-band power delivery of the engine.

At the moment, i-VTEC is only implemented in the relatively low specific power output engine of the new JDM Honda STREAM van. Used in the 2.0l DOHC i-VTEC engine, it allows Honda to boost low-end and mid-range power of that engine, a characteristic very desirable for that model. In my opinion, VTC is the most significant innovation that Honda introduced to i-VTEC. Other important innovations includes the changing of the engine orientation (as well as its rotation direction). i-VTEC engines are mounted such that the intake valves faces the front of the vehicle and the exhaust valves the rear, just like the Japanese Grand-Touring Championship racing cars. Other improvements are in the important areas of fuel economy and emissions.

OPTIMAX

At the heart of SHINE lies Honda’s revolutionary OPTIMAX engine. OPTIMAX engine works on the principle of Optimum fuel input to Maximize pickup & mileage output, which are the two most important parameters of judging engine performance. This has been achieved by incorporating Honda’s cutting edge technologies in newly developed 125cc engine which helps in delivering this performance which is top class in its segment. 

The Main Advantage of using this technology is even if the vehicle is running in top gear with 20-25kmph speed, there will not be any jurking or knocking. And we can attain the maximum fuel effiency.

                                       

Fuel Effiency- 65 kmpl  

0-60 kmph in just 5.3 seconds 

Anti-Lock Braking System

An anti-lock braking system, or ABS (from the German, Antiblockiersystem) is a safety system which prevents the wheels on a motor vehicle from locking while braking.

A rotating road wheel allows the driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking by preventing a skid and allowing the wheel to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs. While ABS offers improved vehicle control in some circumstances, it can also present disadvantages including increased braking distance on slippery surfaces such as ice, packed snow, gravel, steel plates and bridges, or anything other than dry pavement. ABS has also been demonstrated to create a false sense of security in drivers, who may drive more aggressively . 
ABS brakes on a BMW motorcycle
In 1988 BMW became the world's first motorcycle manufacturer to introduce an electronic/hydraulic ABS system, this on their BMW K100. In 1992 Honda launched its first ABS system, this on the ST1100 Pan European. In 1997 Suzuki launched its GSF1200SA (Bandit) with ABS.
Operation
The anti-lock brake controller is also known as the CAB (Controller Anti-lock Brake).

A typical ABS is composed of a central electronic control unit , four wheel speed sensors — one for each wheel — and two or more hydraulic valves within the brake hydraulics. The ECU constantly monitors the rotational speed of each wheel, and when it detects a wheel rotating significantly slower than the others — a condition indicative of impending wheel lock — it actuates the valves to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the affected wheel, thus reducing the braking force on that wheel. The wheel then turns faster; when the ECU detects it is turning significantly faster than the others, brake hydraulic pressure to the wheel is increased so the braking force is reapplied and the wheel slows. This process is repeated continuously, and can be detected by the driver via brake pedal pulsation. A typical anti-lock system can apply and release braking pressure up to 20 times a second.  
Traction control system

The ABS equipment may also be used to implement traction control system (TCS, ASR) on acceleration of the vehicle. If, when accelerating, the tire loses traction, the ABS controller can detect the situation and take suitable action so that traction is regained. Manufacturers often offer this as a separately priced option even though the infrastructure is largely shared with ABS. More sophisticated versions of this can also control throttle levels and brakes simultaneously.

Mercedes-Benz was the first to offer this electronic traction control system in 1985. 

Efficiency 
Reduced the risk of multiple vehicle crashes by 18 percent,
Reduced the risk of run-off-road crashes by 35 percent.

On high-traction surfaces such as bitumen, or concrete, many (though not all) ABS-equipped cars are able to attain braking distances better (i.e. shorter) than those that would be easily possible without the benefit of ABS. In real world conditions even an alert, skilled driver without ABS would find it difficult, even through the use of techniques like threshold braking, to match or improve on the performance of a typical driver with a modern ABS-equipped vehicle. ABS reduces chances of crashing, and/or the severity of impact. The recommended technique for non-expert drivers in an ABS-equipped car, in a typical full-braking emergency, is to press the brake pedal as firmly as possible and, where appropriate, to steer around obstructions. In such situations, ABS will significantly reduce the chances of a skid and subsequent loss of control.

In gravel, sand and deep snow, ABS tends to increase braking distances. On these surfaces, locked wheels dig in and stop the vehicle more quickly. ABS prevents this from occurring. Some ABS calibrations reduce this problem by slowing the cycling time, thus letting the wheels repeatedly briefly lock and unlock. The primary benefit of ABS on such surfaces is to increase the ability of the driver to maintain control of the car rather than go into a skid — though loss of control remains more likely on soft surfaces like gravel or slippery surfaces like snow or ice. On a very slippery surface such as sheet ice or gravel, it is possible to lock multiple wheels at once, and this can defeat ABS (which relies on comparing all four wheels, and detecting individual wheels skidding). Availability of ABS relieves most drivers from learning threshold braking.

A June 1999 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) study found that ABS increased stopping distances on loose gravel by an average of 22 percent.[7]

According to the NHTSA,

"ABS works with your regular braking system by automatically pumping them. In vehicles not equipped with ABS, the driver has to manually pump the brakes to prevent wheel lockup. In vehicles equipped with ABS, your foot should remain firmly planted on the brake pedal, while ABS pumps the brakes for you so you can concentrate on steering to safety."
Risk compensation
Anti-lock brakes are the subject of some experiments centred around risk compensation theory, which asserts that drivers adapt to the safety benefit of ABS by driving more aggressively. In a Munich study, half a fleet of taxicabs were equipped with anti-lock brakes, while the other half had conventional brake systems. The crash rate was substantially the same for both types of cab, and Wilde concludes this was due to drivers of ABS-equipped cabs taking more risks, assuming that ABS would take care of them, while the non-ABS drivers drove more carefully since ABS would not be there to help in case of a dangerous situation. A similar study was carried out in Oslo, with similar results

.